Reports of harmful algal blooms in Minnesota’s most pristine lakes are on the rise, prompting new research to understand why these events are occurring in places once thought protected from pollution. Our team is monitoring lakes across northern Minnesota using high-resolution sensors and water sampling to track how temperature, oxygen, and nutrients influence cyanobacterial blooms. We are also studying lake sediment cores to reconstruct how bloom activity and nutrient dynamics have changed over time. Finally, laboratory experiments are testing how low-oxygen conditions in lake bottoms may trigger the release of nutrients that fuel toxic blooms. Together, these efforts aim to reveal how climate and lake conditions interact to drive harmful algal blooms in some of Minnesota’s most precious lakes.

This research uses a global dataset of long-term river chemistry and flow to determine how the amount of different substances in the water, including nutrients, metals, and trace minerals, vary throughout the year and whether these seasonal patterns differ depending on substance, ecosystem type, and the surrounding land use. Through this project, we will (1) improve our fundamental understanding of river ecosystems, (2) develop tools to assess how different substances in river ecosystems vary in relation to each other and across land use types, (3) predict water quality in unmonitored and remote river systems that are difficult and expensive to monitor, and (4) support workforce development in water resources science and “big data” analysis. In addition, the outcome of this research will provide insight into how we can better manage rivers and effectively protect water resources for the future.

Wild Rice is a culturally significant food source for indigenous communities in the Great Lakes region and is under threat in many areas due to human activities.  Tribal resource managers are interested in new tools they can use to better estimate the historic range and abundance of wild rice so that they can better protect what remains and invest in restoration efforts where it can be re-introduced.  SMM is working with a diverse group of Ojibway, Odawa, and Dakota Tribal resource managers on wild rice restoration issues important to their communities using a newly developed technique that looks for traces of wild rice DNA in dated lake sediments. Through careful consultation with Great Lakes Tribal communities by SCWRS scientists, the SMM has become a trusted partner for tribal communities interested in utilizing sedimentary DNA techniques to enhance their wild rice restoration and protection efforts.

Throughout the world, the microscopic diatom alga, Didymosphenia geminata, called Didymo or rocksnot for short, has been creating huge nuisance mats of goo in coldwater stream habitats that affect stream function, ecology, and recreation. In 2018, Didymo showed up in Minnesota’s Poplar River raising concerns for the health of our North Shore streams. With multiple sources of funding, this project has been monitoring 6 stream and lake shore sites monthly  as well as surveying all North Shore streams once per year. Didymo has been regularly found in nine streams and appears to be spreading between the North Shore sites during our five years of monitoring. When in high abundance Didymo affects other aspects of our streams including aquatic insect communities, which are critical to support Minnesota’s world class trout fisheries.

For over 20 years, the St Croix Watershed Research Station has been supporting inventory and monitoring efforts of the National Park Service’s (NPS)  Great Lakes Network (GLKN). The GLKN Park, Riverway, and Lakeshore units include Voyageurs (MN), Isle Royale (MI), Apostle Islands (WI), Pictured Rocks (MI), Sleeping Bear Dunes (MI), Indiana Dunes (IN), St Croix (MN/WI), and Mississippi River (MN). Lakes and rivers in the parks have regular water quality sampling with many of the analyses run in the Station’s chemistry lab. Over 20 lakes in the parks have had sediment cores recovered and analyzed to understand the last 200 years of park history and lake water quality. Coupled with regular biomonitoring of lake diatom communities in surface sediments, clearer pictures are emerging of new and continued threats to NPS lakes, what lakes are at most risk, and how we can best inform the public to protect, respect, and enjoy our most treasured parks. 

Diatoms are one group of microscopic algae that are special because they are surrounded by a biologically produced glass cell wall. The shape, structure, and ornamentation of that glass wall helps us identify each species and use them in research applications from biomonitoring, paleolimnology, invasive species, and biofuels production. At the St Croix Watershed Research Station, diatoms have been a research focus for over 30 years and our collections house over 30,000 diatom samples from throughout the world. These important collections are a biodiversity record and resource for better understanding diatom taxonomy (how we identify diatoms), biology, distribution, and diversity. We’ve scientifically described over 65 species as new to science from four continents, 8 countries, and 14 states, and made significant contributions to understanding diatom life histories. Coupled with these efforts are content and board support of the community curated web resource, Diatoms of North America (diatoms.org), that provides transparent, defensible, reproducible, AND accessible diatom taxonomic resources for the world.

They’re big, they’re beautiful, but Minnesota’s largest lakes have problems. Lake of the Woods and the Red Lakes both suffer from elevated nutrient levels that lead to noxious and potentially toxic cyanobacterial blooms. The Station has been working on our largest lakes for over 15 years to monitor and understand the lakes’ histories, hand in hand with federal, state, provincial, tribal and First Nation groups to develop and implement policy to restore and protect these incredible natural resources. Our partnership with the Red Lake DNR and Minnesota Pollution Control Agency has informed site specific nutrient standards for Upper and Lower Red Lake, and a working group of over 12 natural resource groups has teamed to propose and implement a plan to get Lake of the Woods off the impaired waters list and secure a future with a great fishery and water quality.

After an extreme period of high temperatures and record rainfall in West Greenland, lakes which had been clear and blue rapidly turned brown and murky, a change that typically takes thousands of years.  This proposed research offers a rare chance to understand how entire lake ecosystems respond to such rapid and severe disturbances, particularly in the sensitive Arctic biome which includes 40% of the world’s lakes. These dramatic changes directly impact ecosystem function of these lakes, which includes both the stability of the food webs as well as water security for local communities. This project will also help educate the public about changes to water quality in Arctic lakes and train the next generation of scientists and teachers, developing curriculum for K-12 students in collaboration with current teachers and making this crucial knowledge widely accessible.

We seek to understand the conditions associated with walleye fisheries that perform far better than expectations. To manage walleye fisheries, we need to understand the drivers that supported successful fisheries in the past. Walleye are impacted by increasing temperatures, nutrients, and invasive species. These changes impact lake ecology in complicated ways because Minnesota lakes are subjected to multiple stressors at once. Algae, zooplankton, and fish are connected to each other through the food web, so negative effects on one ripple across trophic levels. Unfortunately, long‐term information on food webs are rare, and the specific conditions that support successful walleye lakes in Minnesota are largely unknown. The sensitivity of our walleye fisheries changes in the past and in the future needs to be understood to efficiently and effectively manage, maintain, and protect these important economic, cultural, and environmental resources.

The St. Croix River Basin, one of the most pristine large river systems in the nation, faces growing vulnerability to future changes in climate, land use, and population. To anticipate and plan for these challenges, a new watershed model is being developed to simulate hydrologic and water-quality responses from 2030 to 2100 under varying scenarios of climate change, dam removal, and increases in agriculture and urbanization. The model will project how floods, droughts, and sediment and phosphorus loading may evolve, and how these changes could affect the river’s ecological, cultural, and recreational resources. In 2026, regional collaborators and stakeholders will help shape scenario priorities and impact criteria through a dedicated workshop. By integrating scientific modeling with stakeholder input, this project aims to generate actionable insights for conserving and managing the St. Croix River for future generations.

Have you ever noticed the small pools carved into the bedrock along Lake Superior’s shoreline? These rock pools are more than just a scenic feature, they are dynamic microhabitats that support a surprisingly diverse pool of life. Despite this ecological significance, they’ve never been comprehensively mapped or studied. Through this project, we aim to inventory these pools, assess their habitat quality, and understand how they are responding to pressures like climate change and increased human activity along the North Shore. In doing so, we hope to inform strategies that protect their unique biodiversity and the broader shoreline ecosystem.

The aim of the Geopaths project is to develop inclusive pathways for high school students to enter undergraduate programs and careers in the geosciences. In this NSF-funded project, scientists at the St. Croix Watershed Research Station (SCWRS) are partnering with the Science Museum of Minnesota’s Kitty Andersen Youth Science Center (KAYSC), a group that specializes in out-of-school programming for underserved youth with the goals of building leadership skills, career and workforce development, and fostering confidence in STEM.

The specific goals of Geopaths are 1) to engage KAYSC youth in a defined and meaningful research project in paleolimnology, working alongside SCWRS scientists on a project within the student’s community, 2) to provide KAYSC youth with access to geoscience undergraduate programs and careers by creating a regional network of college faculty and geoscience professionals, and 3) to train adult mentors (both internal and external to SMM) in STEM Justice practices.

Since 1991 Minnesotans, through the Environment and Natural Resources Trust Fund (ENRTF), have provided $1.1 billion to over 1,700 projects in the state. These projects range in geography and fields of study. But they all have one thing in common: preserving, protecting and maintaining Minnesota’s natural resources. We are using the Science Museum’s expertise in communicating science to a public audience to tell the stories of ENRTF-funded projects.

In the spring of 2026, we will launch a story map on this website, telling the stories of 100 ENRTF projects. For a subset of these stories, we are collaborating with local filmmaker Jon Steinhorst at Midwestern Workhorse to create short documentary-style films. Our first round of films, highlighting the positive and multi-generational impact ENRTF dollars have in Minnesota, are available now. 

MAGDALENE, S., JOHNSON, D.K., ZIEGEWEID, J.R. & KIESLING, R.L. (2018). Report on the State of the Lake: Assessing Lake St. Croix in 2018 on the Way to the 2020 TMDL Goals. Report to the St. Croix Basin Water Resources Planning Team. St. Croix Watershed Research Station, Science Museum of Minnesota, Marine on St. Croix, MN. Metropolitan Council Environmental Services and U.S. Geological Survey. View PDF

ALMENDINGER, J.E. (2016). Applying a SWAT Model of the St. Croix River Basin to Estimate Phosphorus and Sediment Load Reductions due to Agricultural Best Management Practices. Report to the St. Croix Basin Water Resources Planning Team (pp. 36). St. Croix Watershed Research Station, Science Museum of Minnesota, Marine on St. Croix, MN. View PDF

HAACK, J. & ALMENDINGER, J.E. (2016). St. Croix Watershed: Cropland Practices for Reducing Phosphorus Loss Fact sheet for Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources (pp. 4): University of Wisconsin Extension, and Environmental Resources Center. View PDF

ALMENDINGER, J.E., DEB, D., AHMADI, M., ZHANG, X. & SRINIVASAN, R. (2015). Constructing a SWAT model of the St. Croix River basin, eastern Minnesota and western Wisconsin (Revised September 2015 ed., pp. 83). St. Croix Watershed Research Station, Science Museum of Minnesota, Marine on St. Croix, MN. View PDF

ALMENDINGER, J.E. (2014). Valley Creek data summary and analysis Report through December 2013 submitted June 2014 report to Valley Branch Watershed District (VBWD) and Metropolitan council Environmental Services (MCES) (pp. 38). St. Croix Watershed Research Station, Science Museum of Minnesota, Marine on St. Croix, MN. View PDF

MAGDALENE, S., ZIEGEWEID, J., KIESLING, R., JOHNSON, K., ENGSTROM, D.R. & HANSEN, D. (2013). Lake St. Croix nutrient loading and ecological health assessment (pp. 86). St. Croix Watershed Research Station, Science Museum of Minnesota, Marine on St. Croix, MN. View PDF

ALMENDINGER, J.E. & ULRICH, J.S. (2012). Applying a SWAT model of the Sunrise River watershed, eastern Minnesota, to predict water-quality impacts from land-use changes. Report to the Minnesota Pollution Control Agency (pp. 47). St. Croix Watershed Research Station, Science Museum Minnesota, Marine on St. Croix, MN. View PDF

MAGDALENE, S. (2012). Strategic planning outcomes: Report on the vision, mission, and near-term goals that arose from the 2011 strategic planning process. St. Croix Basin Water Resources Planning Team, May 2012 (pp. 32). St. Croix Watershed Research Station, Science Museum of Minnesota, Marine on St. Croix, MN. VIEW PDF

ALMENDINGER, J.E. & ULRICH, J. (2010). Constructing a SWAT model of the Sunrise River watershed, eastern Minnesota (pp. 70). St. Croix Watershed Research Station, Science Museum Minnesota, Marine on St. Croix, MN. View PDF

MAGDALENE, S. (2009). Lake St. Croix Total Phosphorus Loading Study. St. Croix Basin Water Resources Planning Team Implementation Committee (pp. 65). St. Croix Watershed Research Station, Science Museum of Minnesota, Marine on St. Croix, MN. View PDF

MAGDALENE, S. (2008). Site establishment for large rivers water quality monitoring: stage-discharge relationships at selected sites within the St. Croix National Scenic Riverway (pp. 85). National Park Service, Great Lakes Inventory and Monitoring Network Report GLKN/2008/02. View PDF

ALMENDINGER, J.E. & MURPHY, M.S. (2007). Constructing a SWAT model of the Willow River watershed, western Wisconsin (pp. 84). St. Croix Watershed Research Station, Science Museum of Minnesota, Marine on St. Croix, MN. View PDF

RAMSTACK, J.M., EDLUND, M.B. & ENGSTROM, D.R. (2007). Using wetland environmental histories to develop management strategies for the St. Croix National Scenic Riverway (pp. 27). St. Croix Watershed Research Station, Science Museum of Minnesota, Marine on St. Croix, MN. View PDF

HANSEN, D., MAGDALENE, S., JOHNSON, K., AFFELDT, C., LAFRACOIS, B.M. & THIEL, TRAVIS. (2006). Monitoring plan for the St. Croix River: 2006. (pp. 29) St. Croix Basin Water Resources Planning Team. Prepared in cooperation with the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources and the U.S. Geological Survey. View PDF

ALMENDINGER, J.E. & MURPHY, M.S. (2005). Land-use change and agricultural practices in the Willow River watershed, western Wisconsin, 1992-2004 (pp. 28 plus 13 pp of tables and figures). St. Croix Watershed Research Station, Science Museum of Minnesota, Marine on St. Croix, MN. View PDF

EDLUND, M.B. (2004). Historical trends in phosphorus loading to the St. Croix National Scenic Riverway from permitted point source discharges, 1900-2000 (pp. 16). St. Croix Watershed Research Station, Science Museum of Minnesota, Marine on St. Croix, MN. View PDF

ALMENDINGER, J.E. (2003). Watershed hydrology of Valley Creek and Browns Creek: Trout streams influenced by agriculture and urbanization in eastern Washington County, Minnesota, 1998-99 (pp. iv, 80 pp., ill. maps, diagr, tables). St. Croix Watershed Research Station, Science Museum of Minnesota, Marine on St. Croix, MN. View PDF

PITT, D.G., ALMENDINGER, J.E., BELL, R. & ROOS, S. (2003). An examination of the relationship between watershed structure and water quality in the Valley Creek and Browns Creek watersheds (pp. iv, 69 p., tables). Department of Landscape Architecture, University of Minnesota, St. Croix Watershed Research Station, Science Museum of Minnesota, Marine on St. Croix, MN. View PDF

PITT, D.G., WHITED, D.C., ROOS, S. & ALMENDINGER, J.E. (2003). An atlas of watershed structure in the Browns Creek and Valley Creek basins (pp. iii, 46 p.: ill.; maps, diagr, tables.). Department of Landscape Architecture, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN. St. Croix Watershed Research Station, Science Museum of Minnesota, Marine on St. Croix, MN. View PDF

TRIPLETT, L.D., EDLUND, M.B. & ENGSTROM, D.R. (2003). A whole-basin reconstruction of sediment and phosphorus loading to Lake St. Croix: Final project report to the Metropolitan Council Environmental Services (pp. 46). St. Croix Watershed Research Station, Science Museum of Minnesota, Marine on St. Croix, MN. View PDF

EDLUND, M.B. & ENGSTROM, D.R. (2001). Diatom analysis of Lake St. Croix sediments for recent and historical phosphorus reconstruction. Final research report prepared for the Minnesota Pollution Control Agency. St. Croix Watershed Research Station, Science Museum of Minnesota, Marine on St. Croix, MN. View PDF

ZAPP, M.J. & ALMENDINGER, J.E. (2001). Nutrient dynamics and water quality of Valley Creek, a high-quality trout stream in southeastern Washington County: final project report to the Valley Branch Watershed District reporting period: 1 July 1999 — 30 June 2001 (pp. 29): Water Resources Science, University of Minnesota, St. Croix Watershed Research Station, Science Museum of Minnesota, Marine on St. Croix, MN. View PDF

ALMENDINGER, J.E., PITT, D.G., WILSON, B.N., JAHNKE, E.M., SCHOTTLER, S.P., THOMMES, K.E., WHITED, D.C. & GRUBB, S.E. (1999). Monitoring and modeling Valley Creek Watershed: 1. Executive summary. St. Croix Watershed Research Station, Science Museum of Minnesota, Marine on St. Croix, Minnesota. View PDF

ALMENDINGER, J.E., PITT, D.G., WILSON, B.N., JAHNKE, E.M., SCHOTTLER, S.P., THOMMES, K.E., WHITED, D.C. & GRUBB, S.E. (1999). Monitoring and modeling Valley Creek Watershed: 2. Methods of hydrologic data collection. St. Croix Watershed Research Station, Science Museum of Minnesota, Marine on St. Croix, MN. View PDF

ALMENDINGER, J.E., PITT, D.G., WILSON, B.N., JAHNKE, E.M., SCHOTTLER, S.P., THOMMES, K.E., WHITED, D.C. & GRUBB, S.E. (1999). Monitoring and modeling Valley Creek Watershed: 3. Surface-water hydrology. St. Croix Watershed Research Station, Science Museum of Minnesota, Marine on St. Croix, MN. View PDF

ALMENDINGER, J.E., PITT, D.G., WILSON, B.N., JAHNKE, E.M., SCHOTTLER, S.P., THOMMES, K.E., WHITED, D.C. & GRUBB, S.E. (1999). Monitoring and modeling Valley Creek Watershed: 4. An atlas of physiography, hydrology and land use (pp. 62). St. Croix Watershed Research Station, Science Museum of Minnesota. Marine on St. Croix, MN. View PDF

ALMENDINGER, J.E., PITT, D.G., WILSON, B.N., JAHNKE, E.M., SCHOTTLER, S.P., THOMMES, K.E., WHITED, D.C. & GRUBB, S.E. (1999). Monitoring and modeling Valley Creek Watershed: 5. Groundwater hydrology and flow model. St. Croix Watershed Research Station, Science Museum of Minnesota, Marine on St. Croix, MN. View PDF

ALMENDINGER, J.E., PITT, D.G., WILSON, B.N., JAHNKE, E.M., SCHOTTLER, S.P., THOMMES, K.E., WHITED, D.C. & GRUBB, S.E. (1999). Monitoring and modeling Valley Creek Watershed: 6. Modeling the effects of urbanization on surface flows and water quality in the Valley Branch Watershed (pp. 55). St. Croix Watershed Research Station, Science Museum of Minnesota, Marine on St. Croix, MN. View PDF

TROELSTRUP, N.H., JR., FOLEY, J.L., ENGSTROM, D.R. & QUEEN, L.P. (1993). A short paleolimnological history of two riverine impoundments on the St. Croix River: St. Paul, Minnesota, Department of Forest Resources, University of Minnesota, Paleoecology of Sediment Cores LCMR work element B.3. (pp. 93). Minnesota-Wisconsin Boundary Area Commission, Hudson, WI. View PDF

RAMSTACK HOBBS, J.M. & EDLUND, M.B. (2018). A paleolimnological study of Deer Yard and Poplar Lakes in Cook County, MN. Final report submitted to the Minnesota Pollution Control Agency (pp. 44). St. Croix Watershed Research Station, Science Museum of Minnesota, Marine on St. Croix, Minnesota. View PDF

RAMSTACK HOBBS, J.M., EDLUND, M.B., THEISSEN, K.M., DUNCANSON, S.P. & HOULE, G.R. (2017). A paleolimnological study in the Comfort Lake – Forest Lake Watershed District. Final report submitted to Comfort Lake Forest Lake Watershed District (pp. 48). St. Croix Watershed Research Station, Science Museum of Minnesota, Marine on St. Croix, MN. View PDF

LAFRANCOIS, B.M., MAGDALENE, S., JOHNSON, D.K., VANDERMEULEN, D. & ENGSTROM, D.R (2013) Water Quality Conditions and Trends in the Mississippi National River and Recreational Area 1976-2005. In Natural Resource Technical Report NPS/GLKN/NRTR—2013/691: National Park Service, U.S. Department of the Interior. View PDF

CHRISTENSEN, V.G., JONES, P.M., EDLUND, M.B. & RAMSTACK HOBBS, J. (2010). Water Quality (2000–08) and Historical Phosphorus Concentrations from Paleolimnological Studies of Swamp and Speckled Trout Lakes, Grand Portage Reservation, Northeastern Minnesota. U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2010–5192 (pp. 53). View PDF

RAMSTACK, J.M. & EDLUND, M.B. (2010). Historical water quality and ecological change in Ramsey and Washington county lakes (pp. 35). St. Croix Watershed Research Station, Science Museum of Minnesota, Marine on St. Croix, MN. View PDF

EDLUND, M.B., SHINNEMAN, A.L.C. & RAMSTACK, J.M. (2009). Diatom-Inferred TP in MCWD Lakes. Phase II. Final Report to Minnehaha Creek Watershed District, Work Order #107-06 (pp. 50). St. Croix Watershed Research Station, Science Museum of Minnesota, Marine on St. Croix, MN. View PDF

EDLUND, M.B. & RAMSTACK, J.M. (2009). Historical water quality and biological change in Northcentral Minnesota lakes Final report submitted to the Minnesota Pollution Control Agency (pp. 84). St. Croix Watershed Research Station, Marine on St. Croix, MN. View PDF

RAMSTACK, J.M. & EDLUND, M.B. (2008). Paleolimnological Analysis of Horse Lake and Lotus Lake, Polk County, Wisconsin (pp. 30). St. Croix Watershed Research Station, Science Museum of Minnesota, Marine on St. Croix, MN. View PDF

RAMSTACK, J.M. & EDLUND, M.B. (2008). Paleolimnological Analysis of Sauk Lake and the Horseshoe Chain of Lakes (pp. 35). St. Croix Watershed Research Station, Science Museum of Minnesota, Marine on St. Croix, MN. View PDF

EDLUND, M.B. & RAMSTACK, J.M. (2007). Historical water quality and biological change in Peltier Lake, Anoka Co., MN Final Report submitted to: Marcey Westrick, Emmons and Olivier Resources, Inc and Rice Creek Watershed District. St. Croix Watershed Research Station, Science Museum of Minnesota, Marine on St. Croix, MN. View PDF

LAFRANCOIS, B.M., VANA-MILLER, D. & JOHNSON, S. (2007). Water resources information and issues overview report: Mississippi National River and Recreation Area, Minnesota. Natural Resource Technical Report NPS/NRWRD/NRTR—2007/364 (pp. 148). National Park Service, Denver, CO. View PDF

EDLUND, M.B. & RAMSTACK, J.M. (2006). Diatom-inferred TP in MCWD Lakes (Work Order #116-04) (pp. 33). St. Croix Watershed Research Station, Science Museum of Minnesota, Marine on St. Croix, MN. View PDF

EDLUND, M.B. (2005). Using diatom-based analysis of sediment records from central Minnesota lakes for TMDL and nutrient criteria development (CFMS Contract No. A45276, Amendment 1) Final report to Minnesota Pollution Control Agency (pp. 25). St. Croix Watershed Research Station, Science Museum of Minnesota, Marine on St. Croix, MN. View PDF

EDLUND, M.B. & KINGSTON, J.C. (2004). Expanding sediment diatom reconstruction model to eutrophic southern Minnesota lakes (CFMS Contract No. A45276) Final report to Minnesota Pollution Control Agency (pp. 33). View PDF

HEISKARY, S.A., SWAIN, E.B. & EDLUND, M.B. (2004). Reconstructing Historical Water Quality in Minnesota Lakes from Fossil Diatoms (pp. 8): Minnesota Pollution Control Agency, Environmental Bulletin. View PDF

ENGSTROM, D.R. (2001). Changes in iron and phosphorus sedimentation in Vadnais Lake 1985-1998. Final Report to Board of Water Commissioners. St. Croix Watershed Research Station, Science Museum Minnesota, Marine on St. Croix, MN. View PDF

ENGSTROM, D.R. & SAROS, J.E. (2001). A Paleolimnological investigation of trophic change in lakes of the Carnelian-Marine Watershed District. Final report to the MCWD, Stillwater, MN. (pp. 36). St. Croix Watershed Research Station, Science Museum Minnesota, Marine on St. Croix, MN. View PDF

ENGSTROM, D.R. & ALMENDINGER, J.E. (2000) Historical changes in sediment and phosphorus loading to the Upper Mississippi River: Mass-balance reconstructions from the sediments of Lake Pepin. Final research report prepared for the Metropolitan Council Environmental Services (pp. 50). St. Croix Watershed Research Station, Science Museum of Minnesota, Marine on St. Croix, MN. View PDF

ENGSTROM, D.R., THOMMES, K.E., BALOGH, S.J., SWAIN, E.B. & POST, H.A. (1999). Trends in atmospheric mercury deposition across Minnesota: Evidence from dated sediment cores from 50 Minnesota lakes. Final report to the Legislative Commission on Minnesota Resources. (pp. 35). St. Croix Watershed Research Station, Science Museum of Minnesota, Marine on St. Croix, MN. View PDF

MAGDALENE, S., ENGSTROM, D.R., ELIAS, J., VANDERMEULEN, D. & DAMSTRA, R. (2016). Large rivers water quality monitoring protocol: Great Lakes Inventory and Monitoring Network (Version 1.1) Natural Resource Report NPS/GLKN/NRR—2016/1262 (pp. 100). National Park Service, Fort Collins, Colorado. View PDF

EDLUND, M.B., ALMENDINGER, J.E., ENGSTROM, D.R., FANG, X., ELIAS, J. & GAFVERT, U. (2014). Modeling the effects of past climate changes on lakes in Isle Royale and Voyageurs national parks National Resource Technical Report NPS/GLKN/NRTR—2014/909 (pp. 89). Natural Park Service, Fort Collins, Colorado. View PDF

EDLUND, M.B., SERIEYSSOL BLESER, C.A., KALLEMEYN, L.W. & ENGSTROM, D.R. (2014). Determining the historical impact of water-level management on lakes in Voyageurs National Park Natural Resource Technical Report NPS/VOYA/NRTR—2014/920 (pp. 123). National Park Service, Fort Collins, Colorado. View PDF

EGAN, A.T., LAFRANCOIS, T., EDLUND, M.B., FERRINGTON, L.C., JR. & GLASE, J. (2014). Biological studies and mapping of shoreline rock pools in three Lake Superior National Parks Natural Resource Technical Report NPS/MWRO/NRTR—2014/907 (pp. 335). National Park Service, Fort Collins, Colorado. View PDF

EDLUND, M.B. & HOBBS, J.R. (2013). Biomonitoring using diatoms and Paleolimnology in the Western Great Lakes National Parks 2011/2012 summary Natural Resource Technical Report NPS/GLKN/NRTR – 2013/814 (pp. 35). U.S. Department of the Interior, Fort Collins, Colorado. View PDF

EDLUND, M.B., HOBBS, J.M.R. & ENGSTROM, D.R. (2012). Biomonitoring using diatoms and paleolimnology in the western Great Lakes national parks Natural Resource Technical Report NPS/GLKN/NRTR—2012/644 (pp. xiii; 25). National Park Service, Fort Collins, Colorado. View PDF

EDLUND, M.B., RAMSTACK, J.M., ENGSTROM, D.R., ELIAS, J. & LAFRANCOIS, B.M. (2011). Biomonitoring using diatoms and paleolimnology in the Western Great Lakes National Parks Natural Resource Technical Report NPS/GLKN/NRTR–2011/447 (pp. 196). National Park Service, Fort Collins, Colorado. View PDF

EDLUND, M.B. & JUDE, D.J. (2011). Habitat or Food? The Demise of the Benthic Food Web in Lake Michigan. Final report on Project GLFT 2008.960 submitted to the Great Lakes Fishery Trust (pp. 54). St. Croix Watershed Research Station, Science Museum Minnesota, Marine on St. Croix, MN. View PDF

LAFRACOIS, B.M., WATKINS, M. & MAKI, R. (2009). Water quality conditions and patterns on the Grand Portage Reservation and Grand Portage National Monument, Minnesota: Implications for nutrient criteria development and future monitoring Natural Resource Technical Report NPS/GLKN/NRTR—2009/223 (pp. 76). National Park Service, Fort Collins, Colorado. View PDF

EDLUND, M.B., SERIEYSSOL, C.A., KALLEMEYN, L.W. & ENGSTROM, D.R. (2008). Determining the historical impact of water-level management on lakes in Voyageurs National Park. Final report of PMIS Project 94151 submitted to Voyageurs National Park. (pp. 118). St. Croix Watershed Research Station, Science Museum of Minnesota, Marine on St. Croix, MN. View PDF

RAMSTACK, J.M., EDLUND, M.B., ENGSTROM, D.R., LAFRANCOIS, B.M. & ELIAS, J.E. (2008). Diatom monitoring protocol: Great Lakes Inventory and Monitoring Network Natural Resource Report NPS/GLKN/NRR—2008/068 (pp. 162). National Park Service, Fort Collins, Colorado. View PDF

CRANE, T., LAFRACOIS, B.M., GLASE, J., ROMANSKI, M., SCHNEIDER, M. & VANA-MILLER, D. (2006). Water resources management plan, Isle Royale National Park, Michigan (pp. 279): Great Lakes Commission, National Park Service. View PDF

LAFRANCOIS, B.M. & GLASE, J. (2005). Aquatic studies in National Parks of the upper Great Lakes States: past efforts and future directions Water Resources Division Technical Report, NPS/NRWRD/NRTR-2005/334 (pp. 320). National Park Service, Denver, Colorado. View PDF

EDLUND, M.B. & BURGE, D.R.L. (2017). The Difference DOTUS Makes. Final report to USEPA and GLEC, Project 13434 (pp. 5). St. Croix Watershed Research Station, Science Museum of Minnesota, Marine on St. Croix, MN. View PDF

ALMENDINGER, J.E. & MURPHY, M.S. (2007). Constructing a SWAT model of the Willow River watershed, western Wisconsin (pp. 84). St. Croix Watershed Research Station, Science Museum of Minnesota, Marine on St. Croix, MN. View PDF

SOLC, J., EYLANDS, K., SOLC, J.J., MUELLER, S. & ENGSTROM, D.R. (2005). Subtask 7.2 – Reconstruction of paleohydrologic history of Devils Lake, North Dakota (pp. 183). U.S. Department of Energy, Pittsburgh, PA. View PDF

JOHNSON, W.C., OSTERKAMP, W.R., ENGSTROM, D.R. & SHAPLEY, M.D. (2000). Using tree rings, lake sediments and ancient shorelines to reconstruct past climate and lake levels for Day County, South Dakota (pp. 29). South Dakota State University, Brookings, South Dakota. View PDF